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Sepsis Landmark Articles

Definition & guidelines

Early Goal Directed Therapy

Rivers E etal. Early Goal-Directed Therapy Collaborative Group: Early goal-directed therapy in the treatment of severe sepsis and septic shock. N Engl J Med 2001; 345:1368–1377.
Zhongguo Wei Zhong Bing Ji Jiu Yi Xue. Early Goal-Directed Therapy Collaborative Group of Zhejiang Prov- ince: The effect of early goal-directed therapy on treatment of critical patients with severe sepsis/septic shock: A multi-center, prospective, randomized, controlled study [in Chinese]. 2010; 6:331–334.
Jones AE et al. Emergency Medicine Shock Research Network investigators. The effect of a quantitative resuscitation strategy on mortality in patients with sepsis: a meta-analysis. Crit Care Med. 2008 Oct;36(10):2734-9.
Mouncey PR, Osborn TM, Power GS, et al. The PRoMISe investigators.Trial of early, goal-directed resuscitation for septic shock. N Engl J Med 2015;372:1301–11.
Yealy DM, Kellum JA, Huang DT, et al. The ProCESS Investigators.A randomized trial of protocol-based care for early septic shock. N Engl J Med 2014;370:1683–93.
Peake SL, Delaney A, Bailey M, et al. The ARISE Investigators and the ANZICS Clinical Trials Group. Goal-directed resuscitation for patients with early septic shock. N Engl J Med 2014;371:1496–506.
Hong Yu et al. Effect of early goal-directed therapy on mortality in patients with severe sepsis or septic shock: a meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. BMJ Open 2016;6:e008330.

Novel markers for Sepsis

Procalcitonin

Bouadma L, Luyt CE, Tubach F, et al. Use of procalcitonin to reduce patients’ exposure to antibiotics in intensive care units (PRORATA trial): a multicenter randomized controlled trial. Lancet 2010;375:463-74.
Stolz D, Smyrnios N, Eggimann P, et al. Procalcitonin for reduced antibiotic exposure in ventilator-associated pneumonia: a randomised study (ProVAP Study). Eur Respir J 2009;34:1364-75.
De Jong et al. Efficacy and safety of procalcitonin guidance in reducing the duration of antibiotic treatment in critically ill patients:a randomised, controlled, open-label trial. Lancet Infect Dis 2016. S1473-3099(16)00064-5.
Balcl C et al. Usefulness of procalcitonin for diagnosis of sepsis in the intensive care unit. Crit Care 2003;7:85-90.
Giamarellos-Bourboulis EJ et al. Should procalcitonin be introduced in the diagnostic criteria for the systemic inflammatory response syndrome and sepsis? J Crit Care 2004;19:152-7.
Bauer TT, Ewig S, Marre R, et al. CRB-65 predicts death from community-acquired pneumonia. J Intern Med 2006;260:93-101.

Lactate, ScVO2

Jones AE, Shapiro NI, Trzeciak S, et al; Emergency Medicine Shock Research Network (EMShockNet) Investigators: Lactate clearance vs central venous oxygen saturation as goals of early sepsis therapy: A randomized clinical trial. JAMA 2010; 303:739–746.

Interleukin

Management

Steroid:

Evolving therapy

Polymyxin B immobilized fiber column

Cruz DN, Perazella MA, Bellomo R, de Cal M, Polanco N, Corradi V, Lentini P, Nalesso F, Ueno T, Ranieri VM, Ronco C. Effectiveness of polymyxin B-immobilized fiber column in sepsis: a systematic review. Crit Care. 2007;11(2):R47-R47.
Mitaka C, Tomita M: Polymyxin B–immobilized fiber column hemoperfusion therapy for septic shock. Shock. 2011;36 (4): 332–338.

Ulinastatin

Dilip R. Karnad,Rakesh Bhadade, Pradeep K. Verma, Nivedita D. Moulick, Mradul K. Daga, Neelima D. Chafekar, and Shivakumar Iyer. Intravenous administration of ulinastatin (human urinary trypsin inhibitor) in severe sepsis: a multicenter randomized controlled study. Intensive Care Med. 2014; 40(6): 830–838.

Beta blockers